Heteropoly acid negolytes for high-power-density aqueous redox flow batteries at low temperatures

Fei Ai, Zengyue Wang, Nien-Chu Lai, Qingli Zou, Zhuojian Liang and Yi-Chun Lu ()
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Fei Ai: The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Zengyue Wang: The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Nien-Chu Lai: The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Qingli Zou: The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Zhuojian Liang: The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Yi-Chun Lu: The Chinese University of Hong Kong

Nature Energy, 2022, vol. 7, issue 5, 417-426

Abstract: Abstract Operating aqueous redox flow batteries (ARFBs) at low temperatures is prohibited by limited solubility of redox-active materials, freezing electrolytes and sluggish reaction kinetics. Here we report a multi-electron heteropoly acid (H6P2W18O62, HPOM) negolyte that enables high-performance ARFBs at low temperatures. The proton (H+) in HPOM warrants a much higher solubility of polyoxometalates (POMs) (0.74 M at 25 °C and 0.5 M at −20 °C) compared with other cations (Li+/Na+/K+) owing to the strong solvation shell of H+ preventing precipitation. The HPOM also exhibits an exceptionally low freezing point and high conductivity owing to its high solubility and Grotthuss proton-conduction mechanism. These merits warrant HPOM as an ideal POM candidate for high-power-density low-temperature ARFB applications. Using a 0.5 M HPOM electrolyte, the ARFBs demonstrate power density (282.4 mW cm−2) and stability (79.6 Ah l−1negolyte at 160 mA cm−2 over 1,200 h without decay) at −20 °C, showing promising application potential under cold weather conditions.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41560-022-01011-y

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