Modulating crystal growth of formamidinium–caesium perovskites for over 200 cm2 photovoltaic sub-modules

Tongle Bu, Luis K. Ono, Jing Li, Jie Su, Guoqing Tong, Wei Zhang, Yuqiang Liu, Jiahao Zhang, Jingjing Chang, Said Kazaoui, Fuzhi Huang, Yi-Bing Cheng and Yabing Qi ()
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Tongle Bu: Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST)
Luis K. Ono: Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST)
Jing Li: Wuhan University of Technology
Jie Su: Xidian University, School of Microelectronics, State Key Discipline Lab of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, Shaanxi Joint Key Lab of Graphene, Advanced Interdisciplinary Research Center for Flexible Electronics
Guoqing Tong: Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST)
Wei Zhang: Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST)
Yuqiang Liu: Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST)
Jiahao Zhang: Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST)
Jingjing Chang: Xidian University, School of Microelectronics, State Key Discipline Lab of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, Shaanxi Joint Key Lab of Graphene, Advanced Interdisciplinary Research Center for Flexible Electronics
Said Kazaoui: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
Fuzhi Huang: Wuhan University of Technology
Yi-Bing Cheng: Wuhan University of Technology
Yabing Qi: Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST)

Nature Energy, 2022, vol. 7, issue 6, 528-536

Abstract: Abstract Upscalable fabrication of efficient and stable perovskite solar modules is urgently needed for commercialization. Here we introduce methylammonium chloride additives in the co-solvent system of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone/N,N-dimethylformamide to control the formation of intermediate phases during the growth of formamidinium–caesium lead triiodide perovskite films. We achieve high-quality films upon drying without the use of anti-solvent. By implementing bulk and surface passivation, champion efficiencies of 24.02% for a small-sized solar cell and 20.5% for a 5 cm × 5 cm solar mini-module on an aperture area of 22.4 cm2 (geometric fill factor ∼ 96%) are achieved by spin-coating. The fully blade-coated perovskite solar sub-module demonstrates a champion efficiency of 15.3% on an aperture area of 205 cm2. The solar mini-module exhibits impressive operational stability with a T80 lifetime of over 1,000 h at maximum power point tracking under continuous light illumination.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41560-022-01039-0

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