Fast-charging capability of graphite-based lithium-ion batteries enabled by Li3P-based crystalline solid–electrolyte interphase

Shuibin Tu, Bao Zhang, Yan Zhang, Zihe Chen, Xiancheng Wang, Renming Zhan, Yangtao Ou, Wenyu Wang, Xuerui Liu, Xiangrui Duan, Li Wang and Yongming Sun ()
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Shuibin Tu: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Bao Zhang: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Yan Zhang: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Zihe Chen: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Xiancheng Wang: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Renming Zhan: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Yangtao Ou: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Wenyu Wang: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Xuerui Liu: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Xiangrui Duan: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Li Wang: Tsinghua University
Yongming Sun: Huazhong University of Science and Technology

Nature Energy, 2023, vol. 8, issue 12, 1365-1374

Abstract: Abstract Li+ desolvation in electrolytes and diffusion at the solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI) are two determining steps that restrict the fast charging of graphite-based lithium-ion batteries. Here we show that the low-solvent-coordination Li+ solvation structure could be induced near the inner Helmholtz plane on inorganic species. Specifically, Li3P could enable a lower Li+ desolvation barrier and faster Li+ diffusion capability through the SEI in comparison to the regular SEI components. We construct an ultrathin S-bridged phosphorus layer on a graphite surface, which in situ converts to crystalline Li3P-based SEI with high ionic conductivity. Our pouch cells with such a graphite anode show 10 min and 6 min (6C and 10C) charging for 91.2% and 80% of the capacity, respectively, as well as 82.9% capacity retention for over 2,000 cycles at a 6C charging rate. Our work reveals the importance of the SEI component and structure regulation for fast-charging LIBs.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41560-023-01387-5

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