Stabilization of 3D/2D perovskite heterostructures via inhibition of ion diffusion by cross-linked polymers for solar cells with improved performance

Long Luo, Haipeng Zeng, Zaiwei Wang, Min Li, Shuai You, Bin Chen, Aidan Maxwell, Qinyou An, Lianmeng Cui, Deying Luo, Juntao Hu, Shangzhi Li, Xueqing Cai, Weixi Li, Lin Li, Rui Guo, Rong Huang, Wenxi Liang, Zheng-Hong Lu, Liqiang Mai (), Yaoguang Rong (), Edward H. Sargent () and Xiong Li ()
Additional contact information
Long Luo: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Haipeng Zeng: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Zaiwei Wang: University of Toronto
Min Li: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Shuai You: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Bin Chen: University of Toronto
Aidan Maxwell: University of Toronto
Qinyou An: Wuhan University of Technology
Lianmeng Cui: Wuhan University of Technology
Deying Luo: University of Toronto
Juntao Hu: Yunnan University
Shangzhi Li: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Xueqing Cai: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Weixi Li: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Lin Li: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Rui Guo: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Rong Huang: the Chinese Academy of Sciences
Wenxi Liang: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Zheng-Hong Lu: University of Toronto
Liqiang Mai: Wuhan University of Technology
Yaoguang Rong: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Edward H. Sargent: University of Toronto
Xiong Li: Huazhong University of Science and Technology

Nature Energy, 2023, vol. 8, issue 3, 294-303

Abstract: Abstract Two-dimensional (2D) and quasi-2D modifications of three-dimensional (3D) perovskite active layers have contributed to advances in the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the ionic diffusion between the surface 2D and bulk 3D perovskites leads to the degradation of the 3D/2D perovskite heterostructures and limits the long-term stability of PSCs. Here we incorporate a cross-linked polymer (CLP) on the top of a 3D perovskite layer and then deposit a 2D perovskite layer via a vapour-assisted two-step process to form a 3D/CLP/2D perovskite heterostructure. Photoluminescence spectra and thickness-profiled elemental analysis indicate that the CLP stabilizes the heterostructure by inhibiting the diffusion of cations (formamidinium, FA+ and 4-fluorophenylethylammonium, 4F-PEA+) between the 2D and 3D perovskites. For devices based on carbon electrodes, we report small-area devices with an efficiency of 21.2% and mini-modules with an efficiency of 19.6%. Devices retain 90% of initial performance after 4,390 hours operation under maximum power point tracking and one-sun illumination at elevated temperatures.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41560-023-01205-y

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