Growing single-crystalline seeds on lithiophobic substrates to enable fast-charging lithium-metal batteries

Zhaohui Wu, Chunyang Wang, Zeyu Hui, Haodong Liu, Shen Wang, Sicen Yu, Xing Xing, John Holoubek, Qiushi Miao, Huolin L. Xin () and Ping Liu ()
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Zhaohui Wu: University of California San Diego
Chunyang Wang: University of California
Zeyu Hui: University of California San Diego
Haodong Liu: University of California San Diego
Shen Wang: University of California San Diego
Sicen Yu: University of California San Diego
Xing Xing: University of California San Diego
John Holoubek: University of California San Diego
Qiushi Miao: University of California San Diego
Huolin L. Xin: University of California
Ping Liu: University of California San Diego

Nature Energy, 2023, vol. 8, issue 4, 340-350

Abstract: Abstract Controlling the nucleation and growth of lithium metal is essential for realizing fast-charging batteries. Here we report the growth of single-crystalline seeds that results in the deposition of dense lithium, even at high current densities. Contrary to the widely accepted practice of using a lithiophilic surface to achieve dendrite-free deposition, we employ a lithiophobic surface made of a nanocomposite of LiF and Fe to deposit hexagonal crystals, which induce subsequent dense lithium deposition. The nanocomposites have uniform Fe sites for nucleation while LiF enables rapid lithium transport. A cell using a 3 mAh cm−2 LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (LiNMC811) cathode, onefold excess of lithium and 3 g Ah−1 electrolyte cycles at a 1 C rate for more than 130 cycles with 80% capacity retention, a 550% improvement over the baseline cells. Our findings advance the understanding of lithium nucleation and pave the way for realizing high-energy, fast-charging Li-metal batteries.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41560-023-01202-1

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