Origins of the open-circuit voltage in ternary organic solar cells and design rules for minimized voltage losses

Yuming Wang, Jianwei Yu, Rui Zhang, Jun Yuan, Sandra Hultmark, Catherine E. Johnson, Nathaniel P. Gallop, Bernhard Siegmund, Deping Qian, Huotian Zhang, Yingping Zou, Martijn Kemerink, Artem A. Bakulin, Christian Müller, Koen Vandewal, Xian-Kai Chen () and Feng Gao ()
Additional contact information
Yuming Wang: Linköping University
Jianwei Yu: Linköping University
Rui Zhang: Linköping University
Jun Yuan: Linköping University
Sandra Hultmark: Chalmers University of Technology
Catherine E. Johnson: Imperial College London
Nathaniel P. Gallop: Imperial College London
Bernhard Siegmund: Hasselt University
Deping Qian: Linköping University
Huotian Zhang: Linköping University
Yingping Zou: Central South University
Martijn Kemerink: Linköping University
Artem A. Bakulin: Imperial College London
Christian Müller: Chalmers University of Technology
Koen Vandewal: Hasselt University
Xian-Kai Chen: Soochow University
Feng Gao: Linköping University

Nature Energy, 2023, vol. 8, issue 9, 978-988

Abstract: Abstract The power conversion efficiency of ternary organic solar cells (TOSCs), consisting of one host binary blend and one guest component, remains limited by large voltage losses. The fundamental understanding of the open-circuit voltage (VOC) in TOSCs is controversial, limiting rational design of the guest component. In this study, we systematically investigate how the guest component affects the radiative and non-radiative related parts of VOC of a series of TOSCs using the detailed balanced principle. We highlight that the thermal population of charge-transfer and local exciton states provided by the guest binary blend (that is, the guest-component-based binary blend) has a significant influence on the non-radiative voltage losses. Ultimately, we provide two design rules for enhancing the VOC in TOSCs: high emission yield for the guest binary blend and similar charge-transfer-state energies for host/guest binary blends; high miscibility of the guest component with the low gap component in the host binary blend.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41560-023-01309-5

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