Designing phosphazene-derivative electrolyte matrices to enable high-voltage lithium metal batteries for extreme working conditions

Yuefeng Meng, Dong Zhou (), Ruliang Liu, Yao Tian, Yifu Gao, Yao Wang, Bing Sun, Feiyu Kang, Michel Armand (), Baohua Li (), Guoxiu Wang () and Doron Aurbach ()
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Yuefeng Meng: Tsinghua University
Dong Zhou: Tsinghua University
Ruliang Liu: Guangdong University of Education
Yao Tian: Tsinghua University
Yifu Gao: Tsinghua University
Yao Wang: Tsinghua University
Bing Sun: University of Technology Sydney
Feiyu Kang: Tsinghua University
Michel Armand: Alava Technology Park
Baohua Li: Tsinghua University
Guoxiu Wang: University of Technology Sydney
Doron Aurbach: Bar-Ilan University

Nature Energy, 2023, vol. 8, issue 9, 1023-1033

Abstract: Abstract The current high-energy lithium metal batteries are limited by their safety and lifespan owing to the lack of suitable electrolyte solutions. Here we report a synergy of fluorinated co-solvent and gelation treatment by a butenoxycyclotriphosphazene (BCPN) monomer, which facilitates the use of ether-based electrolyte solutions for high-energy lithium metal batteries. We show that the safety risks of fire and electrolyte leakage are eliminated by the fluorinated co-solvent and fireproof polymeric matrices. The compatibility with high-energy cathodes is realized by a well-tailored Li+ solvation sheath, along with BCPN-derived protective surface films developed on the cathodes. Our Li | |LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cells reach high-capacity retention, superior low-temperature performance, good cyclability under high pressure and steady power supply under abusive conditions. Our electrolyte design concept provides a promising path for high energetic, durable and safe rechargeable Li batteries.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41560-023-01339-z

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