Diamine chelates for increased stability in mixed Sn–Pb and all-perovskite tandem solar cells

Chongwen Li, Lei Chen, Fangyuan Jiang, Zhaoning Song, Xiaoming Wang, Adam Balvanz, Esma Ugur, Yuan Liu, Cheng Liu, Aidan Maxwell, Hao Chen, Yanjiang Liu, Zaiwei Wang, Pan Xia, You Li, Sheng Fu, Nannan Sun, Corey R. Grice, Xuefei Wu, Zachary Fink, Qin Hu, Lewei Zeng, Euidae Jung, Junke Wang, So Min Park, Deying Luo, Cailing Chen, Jie Shen, Yu Han, Carlo Andrea Riccardo Perini, Juan-Pablo Correa-Baena, Zheng-Hong Lu, Thomas P. Russell, Stefaan Wolf, Mercouri G. Kanatzidis, David S. Ginger, Bin Chen (), Yanfa Yan () and Edward H. Sargent ()
Additional contact information
Chongwen Li: University of Toronto
Lei Chen: University of Toledo
Fangyuan Jiang: University of Washington
Zhaoning Song: University of Toledo
Xiaoming Wang: University of Toledo
Adam Balvanz: Northwestern University
Esma Ugur: Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE)
Yuan Liu: Northwestern University
Cheng Liu: Northwestern University
Aidan Maxwell: University of Toronto
Hao Chen: University of Toronto
Yanjiang Liu: University of Toronto
Zaiwei Wang: University of Toronto
Pan Xia: University of Toronto
You Li: University of Toledo
Sheng Fu: University of Toledo
Nannan Sun: University of Toledo
Corey R. Grice: University of Toledo
Xuefei Wu: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Zachary Fink: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Qin Hu: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Lewei Zeng: University of Toronto
Euidae Jung: University of Toronto
Junke Wang: University of Toronto
So Min Park: University of Toronto
Deying Luo: University of Toronto
Cailing Chen: KAUST
Jie Shen: KAUST
Yu Han: KAUST
Carlo Andrea Riccardo Perini: Georgia Institute of Technology
Juan-Pablo Correa-Baena: Georgia Institute of Technology
Zheng-Hong Lu: University of Toronto
Thomas P. Russell: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Stefaan Wolf: Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE)
Mercouri G. Kanatzidis: Northwestern University
David S. Ginger: University of Washington
Bin Chen: University of Toronto
Yanfa Yan: University of Toledo
Edward H. Sargent: University of Toronto

Nature Energy, 2024, vol. 9, issue 11, 1388-1396

Abstract: Abstract Perovskite tandem solar cells show promising performance, but non-radiative recombination and its progressive worsening with time, especially in the mixed Sn–Pb low-bandgap layer, limit performance and stability. Here we find that mixed Sn–Pb perovskite thin films exhibit a compositional gradient, with an excess of Sn on the surface—and we show this gradient exacerbates oxidation and increases the recombination rate. We find that diamines preferentially chelate Sn atoms, removing them from the film surface and achieving a more balanced Sn:Pb stoichiometry, making the surface of the film resistive to the oxidation of Sn. The process forms an electrically resistive low-dimensional barrier layer, passivating defects and reducing interface recombination. Further improving the homogeneity of the barrier layer using 1,2-diaminopropane results in more uniform distribution and passivation. Tandems achieve a power conversion efficiency of 28.8%. Encapsulated tandems retain 90% of initial efficiency following 1,000 h of operating at the maximum power point under simulated one-sun illumination in air without cooling.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01613-8

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