A bending test protocol for characterizing the mechanical performance of flexible photovoltaics

Kenjiro Fukuda (), Lulu Sun, Baocai Du, Masahito Takakuwa, Jiachen Wang, Takao Someya, Lluis F. Marsal, Yinhua Zhou, Yiwang Chen, Hongzheng Chen, S. Ravi P. Silva, Derya Baran, Luigi A. Castriotta, Thomas M. Brown, Changduk Yang, Weiwei Li, Anita W. Y. Ho-Baillie, Thomas Österberg, Nitin P. Padture, Karen Forberich, Christoph J. Brabec and Osbel Almora ()
Additional contact information
Kenjiro Fukuda: RIKEN
Lulu Sun: RIKEN
Baocai Du: RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS)
Masahito Takakuwa: The University of Tokyo
Jiachen Wang: ETH Zürich
Takao Someya: RIKEN
Lluis F. Marsal: Universitat Rovira i Virgili
Yinhua Zhou: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Yiwang Chen: Nanchang University
Hongzheng Chen: Zhejiang University
S. Ravi P. Silva: University of Surrey
Derya Baran: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
Luigi A. Castriotta: University of Rome Tor Vergata
Thomas M. Brown: University of Rome Tor Vergata
Changduk Yang: Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
Weiwei Li: Beijing University of Chemical Technology
Anita W. Y. Ho-Baillie: The University of Sydney
Thomas Österberg: Epishine AB
Nitin P. Padture: Brown University
Karen Forberich: Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (HI ERN)
Christoph J. Brabec: Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (HI ERN)
Osbel Almora: Universitat Rovira i Virgili

Nature Energy, 2024, vol. 9, issue 11, 1335-1343

Abstract: Abstract Flexible photovoltaic (PV) devices are a promising research field with potential for wearable, portable, indoor and internet-of-things applications. Substantial progress has been made in recent years, with flexible emerging PVs reporting power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of over 24%. Yet, there is a need for a unifying protocol to assess PV performance, compare research results, and evaluate state-of-the-art achievements in flexible PVs. Here we present a protocol for measuring PCE over 1,000 bending cycles under 1% strain. Moreover, several good practice guidelines are proposed, including those related to bending procedures, flexibility testing with and without encapsulation, and ambient conditions during testing (for example, temperature, humidity and illumination). Notably, the importance of the uniform application of the bending radius and the testing of parallel and perpendicular orientations of the bending axis with respect to the direction of the electric current are emphasized. These recommendations aim to promote consistency in device comparison and allow for better reproducibility.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01651-2

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