Homogeneous coverage of the low-dimensional perovskite passivation layer for formamidinium–caesium perovskite solar modules

Jing Li, Chengkai Jin, Ruixuan Jiang, Jie Su, Ting Tian, Chunyang Yin, Jiashen Meng, Zongkui Kou, Sai Bai, Peter Müller-Buschbaum, Fuzhi Huang (), Liqiang Mai (), Yi-Bing Cheng and Tongle Bu ()
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Jing Li: Wuhan University of Technology
Chengkai Jin: Wuhan University of Technology
Ruixuan Jiang: Wuhan University of Technology
Jie Su: Xidian University
Ting Tian: Technical University of Munich
Chunyang Yin: University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
Jiashen Meng: Wuhan University of Technology
Zongkui Kou: Wuhan University of Technology
Sai Bai: University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
Peter Müller-Buschbaum: Technical University of Munich
Fuzhi Huang: Wuhan University of Technology
Liqiang Mai: Wuhan University of Technology
Yi-Bing Cheng: Wuhan University of Technology
Tongle Bu: Wuhan University of Technology

Nature Energy, 2024, vol. 9, issue 12, 1540-1550

Abstract: Abstract The formation of a homogeneous passivation layer based on phase-pure two-dimensional (2D) perovskites is a challenge for perovskite solar cells, especially when upscaling the devices to modules. Here we reveal a chain-length-dependent and halide-related phase separation problem of 2D perovskite growing on top of three-dimensional perovskites. We demonstrate that a homogeneous 2D perovskite passivation layer can be formed upon treatment of the perovskite layer with formamidinium bromide in long-chain ( >10) alkylamine ligand salts. We achieve champion active-area efficiencies of 25.61%, 24.62% and 23.60% for antisolvent-free processed small- (0.14 cm2) and large-size (1.04 cm2) devices and mini-modules (13.44 cm2), respectively. This passivation strategy is compatible with printing technology, enabling champion aperture-area efficiencies of 18.90% and 17.59% for fully slot-die printed large solar modules with areas of 310 cm2 and 802 cm2, respectively, demonstrating the feasibility of the upscaling manufacturing.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01667-8

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