Multifunctional sulfonium-based treatment for perovskite solar cells with less than 1% efficiency loss over 4,500-h operational stability tests

Jiajia Suo, Bowen Yang (), Edoardo Mosconi (), Dmitry Bogachuk, Tiarnan A. S. Doherty, Kyle Frohna, Dominik J. Kubicki, Fan Fu, YeonJu Kim, Oussama Er-Raji, Tiankai Zhang, Lorenzo Baldinelli, Lukas Wagner, Ayodhya N. Tiwari, Feng Gao, Andreas Hinsch, Samuel D. Stranks, Filippo Angelis and Anders Hagfeldt ()
Additional contact information
Jiajia Suo: Uppsala University
Bowen Yang: Uppsala University
Edoardo Mosconi: Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO), Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche ‘Giulio Natta’ (CNR-SCITEC)
Dmitry Bogachuk: Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE
Tiarnan A. S. Doherty: University of Cambridge
Kyle Frohna: University of Cambridge
Dominik J. Kubicki: University of Warwick
Fan Fu: Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa−Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology
YeonJu Kim: Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
Oussama Er-Raji: Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE
Tiankai Zhang: Linköping University
Lorenzo Baldinelli: University of Perugia
Lukas Wagner: Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE
Ayodhya N. Tiwari: Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa−Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology
Feng Gao: Linköping University
Andreas Hinsch: Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE
Samuel D. Stranks: University of Cambridge
Filippo Angelis: Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO), Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche ‘Giulio Natta’ (CNR-SCITEC)
Anders Hagfeldt: Uppsala University

Nature Energy, 2024, vol. 9, issue 2, 172-183

Abstract: Abstract The stabilization of grain boundaries and surfaces of the perovskite layer is critical to extend the durability of perovskite solar cells. Here we introduced a sulfonium-based molecule, dimethylphenethylsulfonium iodide (DMPESI), for the post-deposition treatment of formamidinium lead iodide perovskite films. The treated films show improved stability upon light soaking and remains in the black α phase after two years ageing under ambient condition without encapsulation. The DMPESI-treated perovskite solar cells show less than 1% performance loss after more than 4,500 h at maximum power point tracking, yielding a theoretical T80 of over nine years under continuous 1-sun illumination. The solar cells also display less than 5% power conversion efficiency drops under various ageing conditions, including 100 thermal cycles between 25 °C and 85 °C and an 1,050-h damp heat test.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41560-023-01421-6

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