Controlled large-area lithium deposition to reduce swelling of high-energy lithium metal pouch cells in liquid electrolytes

Dianying Liu, Bingbin Wu, Yaobin Xu, Jacob Ellis, Arthur Baranovskiy, Dongping Lu, Joshua Lochala, Cassidy Anderson, Kevin Baar, Deyang Qu, Jihui Yang, Diego Galvez-Aranda, Katherine-Jaime Lopez, Perla B. Balbuena, Jorge M. Seminario, Jun Liu () and Jie Xiao ()
Additional contact information
Dianying Liu: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Bingbin Wu: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Yaobin Xu: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Jacob Ellis: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Arthur Baranovskiy: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Dongping Lu: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Joshua Lochala: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Cassidy Anderson: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Kevin Baar: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Deyang Qu: University of Wisconsin Milwaukee
Jihui Yang: University of Washington
Diego Galvez-Aranda: Texas A&M University
Katherine-Jaime Lopez: Texas A&M University
Perla B. Balbuena: Texas A&M University
Jorge M. Seminario: Texas A&M University
Jun Liu: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Jie Xiao: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

Nature Energy, 2024, vol. 9, issue 5, 559-569

Abstract: Abstract Lithium (Li) metal battery technology, renowned for its high energy density, faces practical challenges, particularly concerning large volume change and cell swelling. Despite the profound impact of external pressure on cell performance, there is a notable gap in research regarding the interplay between external pressure and the electroplating behaviours of Li+ in large-format pouch cells. Here we delve into the impact of externally applied pressure on electroplating and stripping of Li in 350 Wh kg−1 pouch cells. Employing a hybrid design, we monitor and quantify self-generated pressures, correlating them with observed charge–discharge processes. A two-stage cycling process is proposed, revealing controlled pouch cell swelling of less than 10%, comparable to state-of-the-art Li-ion batteries. The pressure distribution across the cell surface unveils a complex Li+ detour behaviour during electroplating, highlighting the need for innovative strategies to address uneven Li plating and enhance Li metal battery technology.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01488-9

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