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Multinary alloying for facilitated cation exchange and suppressed defect formation in kesterite solar cells with above 14% certified efficiency

Jiangjian Shi, Jinlin Wang, Fanqi Meng, Jiazheng Zhou, Xiao Xu, Kang Yin, Licheng Lou, Menghan Jiao, Bowen Zhang, Huijue Wu, Yanhong Luo, Dongmei Li and Qingbo Meng ()
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Jiangjian Shi: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Jinlin Wang: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Fanqi Meng: Peking University
Jiazheng Zhou: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Xiao Xu: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Kang Yin: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Licheng Lou: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Menghan Jiao: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Bowen Zhang: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Huijue Wu: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Yanhong Luo: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Dongmei Li: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Qingbo Meng: Chinese Academy of Sciences

Nature Energy, 2024, vol. 9, issue 9, 1095-1104

Abstract: Abstract Kesterite Cu2ZnSn(S, Se)4 (CZTSSe) solar cells are highly promising low-cost thin-film photovoltaics. However, the efficiency of these solar cells is challenged by severe charge losses and complex defects. Here we reveal through a data-driven correlation analysis that the dominant deep defect in CZTSSe exhibits a donor character. We further propose that incomplete cation exchange in the multi-step crystallization reactions of CZTSSe is the kinetic mechanism responsible for the defect formation. To facilitate the cation exchange, we introduce a multi-elemental alloying approach aimed at weakening the metal–chalcogen bond strength and the stability of intermediate phases. This strategy leads to a significant reduction in charge losses within the CZTSSe absorber and to a total-area cell efficiency of 14.6% (certified at 14.2%). Overall, these results not only present a significant advancement for kesterite solar cells but could also help identify and regulate defects in photovoltaic materials.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01551-5

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