Process-based framework for precise neuromodulation

Nitzan Lubianiker, Noam Goldway, Tom Fruchtman-Steinbok, Christian Paret, Jacob N Keynan, Neomi Singer, Avihay Cohen, Kathrin Cohen Kadosh, David E J Linden and Talma Hendler ()
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Nitzan Lubianiker: Sagol Brain Institute, Tel-Aviv Medical Center
Noam Goldway: Sagol Brain Institute, Tel-Aviv Medical Center
Tom Fruchtman-Steinbok: Sagol Brain Institute, Tel-Aviv Medical Center
Christian Paret: Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University
Jacob N Keynan: Sagol Brain Institute, Tel-Aviv Medical Center
Neomi Singer: Sagol Brain Institute, Tel-Aviv Medical Center
Avihay Cohen: Sagol Brain Institute, Tel-Aviv Medical Center
Kathrin Cohen Kadosh: University of Oxford
David E J Linden: Cardiff University
Talma Hendler: Sagol Brain Institute, Tel-Aviv Medical Center

Nature Human Behaviour, 2019, vol. 3, issue 5, 436-445

Abstract: Abstract Functional MRI neurofeedback (NF) allows humans to self-modulate neural patterns in specific brain areas. This technique is regarded as a promising tool to translate neuroscientific knowledge into brain-guided psychiatric interventions. However, its clinical implementation is restricted by unstandardized methodological practices, by clinical definitions that are poorly grounded in neurobiology, and by lack of a unifying framework that dictates experimental choices. Here we put forward a new framework, termed ‘process-based NF’, which endorses a process-oriented characterization of mental dysfunctions to form precise and effective psychiatric treatments. This framework relies on targeting specific dysfunctional mental processes by modifying their underlying neural mechanisms and on applying process-specific contextual feedback interfaces. Finally, process-based NF offers designs and a control condition that address the methodological shortcomings of current approaches, thus paving the way for a precise and personalized neuromodulation.

Date: 2019
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DOI: 10.1038/s41562-019-0573-y

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