Genetics and the geography of health, behaviour and attainment

Daniel W. Belsky (), Avshalom Caspi, Louise Arseneault, David L. Corcoran, Benjamin W. Domingue, Kathleen Mullan Harris, Renate M. Houts, Jonathan S. Mill, Terrie E. Moffitt, Joseph Prinz, Karen Sugden, Jasmin Wertz, Benjamin Williams and Candice L. Odgers ()
Additional contact information
Daniel W. Belsky: Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health
Avshalom Caspi: Duke University
Louise Arseneault: King’s College London
David L. Corcoran: Duke University
Benjamin W. Domingue: Stanford University
Kathleen Mullan Harris: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Renate M. Houts: Duke University
Jonathan S. Mill: University of Exeter Medical School
Terrie E. Moffitt: Duke University
Joseph Prinz: Duke University
Karen Sugden: Duke University
Jasmin Wertz: Duke University
Benjamin Williams: Duke University
Candice L. Odgers: University of California at Irvine

Nature Human Behaviour, 2019, vol. 3, issue 6, 576-586

Abstract: Abstract Young people’s life chances can be predicted by characteristics of their neighbourhood1. Children growing up in disadvantaged neighbourhoods exhibit worse physical and mental health and suffer poorer educational and economic outcomes than children growing up in advantaged neighbourhoods. Increasing recognition that aspects of social inequalities tend, in fact, to be geographical inequalities2–5 is stimulating research and focusing policy interest on the role of place in shaping health, behaviour and social outcomes. Where neighbourhood effects are causal, neighbourhood-level interventions can be effective. Where neighbourhood effects reflect selection of families with different characteristics into different neighbourhoods, interventions should instead target families or individuals directly. To test how selection may affect different neighbourhood-linked problems, we linked neighbourhood data with genetic, health and social outcome data for >7,000 European-descent UK and US young people in the E-Risk and Add Health studies. We tested selection/concentration of genetic risks for obesity, schizophrenia, teen pregnancy and poor educational outcomes in high-risk neighbourhoods, including genetic analysis of neighbourhood mobility. Findings argue against genetic selection/concentration as an explanation for neighbourhood gradients in obesity and mental health problems. By contrast, modest genetic selection/concentration was evident for teen pregnancy and poor educational outcomes, suggesting that neighbourhood effects for these outcomes should be interpreted with care.

Date: 2019
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DOI: 10.1038/s41562-019-0562-1

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