Theta oscillations shift towards optimal frequency for cognitive control

Mehdi Senoussi (), Pieter Verbeke, Kobe Desender, Esther Loof, Durk Talsma and Tom Verguts
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Mehdi Senoussi: Ghent University
Pieter Verbeke: Ghent University
Kobe Desender: Ghent University
Esther Loof: Ghent University
Durk Talsma: Ghent University
Tom Verguts: Ghent University

Nature Human Behaviour, 2022, vol. 6, issue 7, 1000-1013

Abstract: Abstract Cognitive control allows to flexibly guide behaviour in a complex and ever-changing environment. It is supported by theta band (4–7 Hz) neural oscillations that coordinate distant neural populations. However, little is known about the precise neural mechanisms permitting such flexible control. Most research has focused on theta amplitude, showing that it increases when control is needed, but a second essential aspect of theta oscillations, their peak frequency, has mostly been overlooked. Here, using computational modelling and behavioural and electrophysiological recordings, in three independent datasets, we show that theta oscillations adaptively shift towards optimal frequency depending on task demands. We provide evidence that theta frequency balances reliable set-up of task representation and gating of task-relevant sensory and motor information and that this frequency shift predicts behavioural performance. Our study presents a mechanism supporting flexible control and calls for a reevaluation of the mechanistic role of theta oscillations in adaptive behaviour.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41562-022-01335-5

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