Experiential values are underweighted in decisions involving symbolic options

Basile Garcia (), Mael Lebreton, Sacha Bourgeois-Gironde and Stefano Palminteri ()
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Basile Garcia: Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives Computationnelles, Département d’Etudes Cognitives, ENS, PSL, INSERM
Stefano Palminteri: Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives Computationnelles, Département d’Etudes Cognitives, ENS, PSL, INSERM

Nature Human Behaviour, 2023, vol. 7, issue 4, 611-626

Abstract: Abstract Standard models of decision-making assume each option is associated with subjective value, regardless of whether this value is inferred from experience (experiential) or explicitly instructed probabilistic outcomes (symbolic). In this study, we present results that challenge the assumption of unified representation of experiential and symbolic value. Across nine experiments, we presented participants with hybrid decisions between experiential and symbolic options. Participants’ choices exhibited a pattern consistent with a systematic neglect of the experiential values. This normatively irrational decision strategy held after accounting for alternative explanations, and persisted even when it bore an economic cost. Overall, our results demonstrate that experiential and symbolic values are not symmetrically considered in hybrid decisions, suggesting they recruit different representational systems that may be assigned different priority levels in the decision process. These findings challenge the dominant models commonly used in value-based decision-making research.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41562-022-01496-3

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