Precise individual measures of inhibitory control

Hyejin J. Lee (), Derek M. Smith, Clifford E. Hauenstein, Ally Dworetsky, Brian T. Kraus, Megan Dorn, Derek Evan Nee and Caterina Gratton ()
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Hyejin J. Lee: Florida State University
Derek M. Smith: The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Clifford E. Hauenstein: The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Ally Dworetsky: Florida State University
Brian T. Kraus: Northwestern University
Megan Dorn: Northwestern University
Derek Evan Nee: Florida State University
Caterina Gratton: Florida State University

Nature Human Behaviour, 2025, vol. 9, issue 8, 1613-1630

Abstract: Abstract Inhibitory control is essential to daily function and is a key factor in numerous psychiatric disorders. One popular measure of inhibitory control is the congruency effect, but recent research has highlighted its low reliability, limiting its use for clinical and basic research questions. Here we asked whether it is possible to obtain precise individual estimates of the congruency effect. We sampled more than 5,000 trials from nine participants across four inhibitory control tasks. This dataset, made public for the community, demonstrates that precise individual estimates are achievable but with higher numbers of trials than typically collected with common tools. Using a combination of datasets and simulations, we show that extensive sampling is necessary to reveal true individual differences and improve observations from alternative modelling approaches. We share our dataset as a resource to further understand sources of variation in inhibitory control, ultimately advancing research in this critical field.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41562-025-02198-2

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