Closed-loop bio-recyclable dielectric films for sustainable electronics

Yu-Xiang Zhao, Zi-Meng Han, Song Ding, Huai-Bin Yang, Hao-Cheng Liu, Wen-Bin Sun, Li De-Han, Kun-Peng Yang, Xiao-Guang Li, Qing-Fang Guan () and Shu-Hong Yu ()
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Yu-Xiang Zhao: University of Science and Technology of China
Zi-Meng Han: University of Science and Technology of China
Song Ding: University of Science and Technology of China
Huai-Bin Yang: University of Science and Technology of China
Hao-Cheng Liu: University of Science and Technology of China
Wen-Bin Sun: University of Science and Technology of China
Li De-Han: University of Science and Technology of China
Kun-Peng Yang: University of Science and Technology of China
Xiao-Guang Li: University of Science and Technology of China
Qing-Fang Guan: University of Science and Technology of China
Shu-Hong Yu: University of Science and Technology of China

Nature Sustainability, 2025, vol. 8, issue 9, 1077-1086

Abstract: Abstract The rapid accumulation of electronic waste due to high consumption of electronics is a growing global concern. The development of sustainable electronics with both recyclability and desired properties is urgent to tackle this problem. However, existing open-loop recycling and closed-loop chemical recycling approaches suffer from either compromised performance of recycled materials or harsh recycling conditions. Here we develop a closed-loop bio-recyclable cellulose-based dielectric film for sustainable electronics. We combine a biomanufacturing strategy—aerosol-assisted biosynthesis—with specific enzymatic degradation to obtain closed-loop biological recyclability. The spontaneous behaviours of bacteria in aerosol-assisted biosynthesis and the artificial sandwich structural design synergistically impart the dielectric film with high tensile strength, a low dielectric constant and a low thermal expansion coefficient, enhancing its applicability. This work offers a viable approach to improve the circularity of electronics, paving the way to a more sustainable electronics industry.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41893-025-01606-9

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