 Hortatory language in EU Comprehensive Air Transport Agreements—when Darwin met strategyAntigoni Lykotrafiti Journal of International Economic Law, 2025, vol. 28, issue 3, 425-440 Abstract: This article examines the evolution of hortatory language in the European Union (EU) Comprehensive Air Transport Agreements that fall under the third pillar of the EU External Aviation Policy. These are the Agreements with the USA, Canada, Qatar, and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. The analysis reveals how the calibration of the wording of these Agreements through a process of trial and error, in combination with the role of the Parties’ Joint Committee in the implementation of these Agreements, work synergistically towards the gradual hardening of hortatory language. The article further assesses the potential of these Agreements to establish a level playing field in international aviation. It reveals how, by means of lateral thinking, the EU has depoliticized the charged issue of the liberalization of international air transport by shifting the focus to the playing field and requesting that it be level. Date: 2025 Downloads: (external link) Related works: Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:oup:jieclw:v:28:y:2025:i:3:p:425-440. Ordering information: This journal article can be ordered from Access Statistics for this article Journal of International Economic Law is currently edited by Kathleen Claussen, Sergio Puig and Michael Waibel More articles in Journal of International Economic Law from Oxford University Press Oxford University Press, Great Clarendon Street, Oxford OX2 6DP, UK. |
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