Modernization among the U.S. States: Change and Continuity from 1960 to 1990

David R. Morgan and Kenneth Kickham

Publius: The Journal of Federalism, vol. 27, issue 3, 23-40

Abstract: This research updates and extends John Crittenden's effort to identify the dimensions of modernization among the U.S. states. The objective is to determine the degree of continuity or change in the structure of modernization between 1960 and 1990. We undertake a principal-axis factor analysis of the same thirty-three variables Crittenden employed in his analysis of state modernization. In addition to comparing the results of factor analyses for the two periods, we offer an index of state modernization for 1990. The outcome of the 1990 factor analysis parallels the structure identified for the earlier period. Four primary factors emerge-metro-urbanism: Migratory Pull, Political Participation (Integrative Message Exchange for 1960), and Decentralization (new for 1990). The overall index of state modernization shows New York, California, New Jersey, Connecticut, and Colorado as the most developed states. Copyright , Oxford University Press.

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