The Effect of HAVA on Late-to-Innovate States: External Influence on Election Reform in Arizona and Illinois

Glen S. Krutz

Publius: The Journal of Federalism, 2005, vol. 35, issue 4, 579-596

Abstract: As election reform diffused across the American states, there was considerable variation in the states' willingness to innovate, their timing in doing so, and the influence of the federal Help America Vote Act (HAVA). Through the lens of the policy-diffusion literature, this article examines the reform processes in Arizona and Illinois, two representatives of the handful of states that were late in innovating, in order to test for effects of HAVA on state decision making. These “late-to-innovate” states were unique compared with the preponderance of other states that innovated earlier. Typical internal variables explained why Arizona and Illinois fell into gridlock over election reform initially, but we must turn to other (external) explanations to understand the ultimate decisions to innovate. Also, although they are similar in being late to innovate, these two states display interesting differences as well. Copyright 2005, Oxford University Press.

Date: 2005
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