Admission Policies of Labor Unions

Clyde W. Summers

The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1946, vol. 61, issue 1, 66-107

Abstract: Introduction, 66. — Constitutional provisions and union practices: exclusion because of race, 67; exclusion because of citizenship, 72; because of political affiliations or beliefs, 75; because of creed, 76; because of sex, 77; closed unions, 78. — Exclusionary devices: initiation fees, 80; apprenticeship requirements, 82; competency tests, 83; license laws, 83; permit cards, 84. — Why do unions deny the right to join? 84. — Economic limitations on exclusionary policies, 89. — Conclusions, 91.

Date: 1946
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