Characterizing and comparing innovation systems by different ‘modes’ of knowledge production: A proximity approach

Sjoerd Hardeman, Koen Frenken, Önder Nomaler and Anne L. J. Ter Wal

Science and Public Policy, 2015, vol. 42, issue 4, 530-548

Abstract: Though the concept of innovation systems has become influential in both academia and policy-making, an analytical approach to understanding innovation systems is still lacking. In particular, there is no analytical framework to measure ‘Mode 1’ and ‘Mode 2’ knowledge production. We propose a framework based on the proximity concept. Mode 1 and Mode 2 knowledge production are characterized by collaborations with cognitive, organizational, social, institutional and geographical proximity, and distance, respectively. Using a gravity model approach we apply our framework to the case of type 2 diabetes research and provide a characterization of the global innovation system and a comparative analysis of the North American and European innovation systems. Our main results hold that although collaborative research on type 2 diabetes generally follows a logic of proximity and hence is not characterized as Mode 2, important differences and similarities exist between the North American and European innovation systems.

Date: 2015
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (10)

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