Midiendo la centralidad de los pa’ses y la integraci—n comercial desde una perspectiva de red || Measuring Countries Centrality and the Trade Integration Using a Network Approach

Wilson PŽrez-Oviedo () and John Cajas-Guijarro ()
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Wilson PŽrez-Oviedo: Departamento de Desarrollo, Ambiente y Territorio, Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales (Ecuador)
John Cajas-Guijarro: Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador (Ecuador); Departamento de Ciencias Sociales, Escuela PolitŽcnica Nacional (Ecuador)
Authors registered in the RePEc Author Service: John Cajas Guijarro

Revista de Métodos Cuantitativos para la Economía y la Empresa = Journal of Quantitative Methods for Economics and Business Administration, 2018, vol. 26, issue 1, 146-174

Abstract: Al revisar los estudios del comercio internacional desde un enfoque de redes, encontramos una falta de contenido econ—mico en los indicadores utilizados. Ante tal carencia, el presente art’culo propone una alternativa metodol—gica para describir al comercio como red, pero enfatizando el sentido econ—mico. Dicha metodolog’a propone: estimar la centralidad de los pa’ses en el comercio brindando resultados econ—micamente interpretables; construir redes y mapas de estructura de comercio como alternativa visual a las redes de comercio convencionales; y estimar indicadores para evaluar la fortaleza de la integraci—n comercial de grupos de pa’ses. Al aplicar tal metodolog’a a informaci—n de 145 países entre 1992 y 2015, se logra: identificar los posibles pa’ses m‡s influyentes en el comercio mundial; identificar potenciales estructuras centro-perifŽricas regionales; mostrar que la centralidad se distribuye de forma heterogŽnea, pero siempre concentr‡ndose en pocos pa’ses; e identificar grupos de mayor y menor fortaleza en su integraci—n comercial. Todos los resultados parecen describir adecuadamente la complejidad econ—mica del comercio, mostrando que la metodolog’a propuesta sería v‡lida para brindar un sentido econ—mico al comercio internacional visto como red. || Most papers which study the world trade network use indicators that suffer from an absence of economic content. Understanding this problem, we propose an alternative methodology to describe the international trade using a network perspective, but recovering the economic interpretation. The proposal consists in: estimating countries' centrality using indicators with economic interpretation; building trade structure networks and maps as alternatives to conventional visualizations; and estimating indicators to evaluate the strength of trade integration. We apply the methodology to information for 145 countries from 1992 to 2015, finding that our indicators identify the potentially most influential countries on international trade, possible core-periphery structures, a heterogeneous centrality distribution (always concentrated in few countries), and groups of different strength on its trade integration. All the results seem adequate in its description of trade economic-complexity, suggesting that the proposed methodology would be a valid tool to bring some economic sense to the international trade studied from a network perspective.

Keywords: centralidad, mapas de estructura de comercio, heterogeneidad, cohesión, balance de comercio intra-industrial; centrality; trade structure maps; heterogeneity; cohesion; intra-industry trade balance (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C65 F15 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2018
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