Riqueza Mineral Y Pobreza En Los Andes

Leonith Hinojosa ()
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Leonith Hinojosa: The Open University, Milton Keynes.

The European Journal of Development Research, 2011, vol. 23, issue 3, 488-504

Abstract: This article examines the paradox found in mineral-rich Andean countries where the sustained economic growth observed over the last decade has not provoked a corresponding decrease in poverty. The impact of the expansion of the extractive industries (mining and hydrocarbons) on these countries is addressed from the perspective of political economy, indicating that the permanence of poverty, in particular rural poverty in areas where mineral wealth is concentrated, can be explained by inconsistencies between the significant amount of tax revenue that national and regional governments receive from these industries and the ways in which said revenue is used in public policy. Among the factors which explain these inconsistencies are the failure of the State to design and implement social policies and the limitations of a development strategy based on the exploitation of non renewable resources. The argument is illustrated by the cases of Bolivia and Peru.Este artículo analiza la paradójica situación de países Andinos ricos en recursos minerales que muestran una tendencia sostenida de crecimiento económico y, al mismo tiempo, elevadas tasas de pobreza. Bajo una perspectiva de economía política se discute cómo la expansión de las industrias extractivas (minería e hidrocarburos) si bien ha generado un importante flujo de ingreso fiscal, no muestra impacto significativo en la reducción de pobreza, principalmente de las zonas rurales donde se localiza la extracción de recursos. Entre los principales factores que explicarían este hecho están la debilidad del aparato estatal para diseñar e implementar políticas sociales y las limitaciones propias de una estrategia de desarrollo basada en la explotación primaria de recursos no renovables. El argumento se ilustra con casos de Bolivia y Perú.

Date: 2011
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