Assessing the cross-national invariance of formative measures: Guidelines for international business researchers

Adamantios Diamantopoulos and Nicolas Papadopoulos
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Adamantios Diamantopoulos: Department of Business Administration, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Nicolas Papadopoulos: Sprott School of Business, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada

Journal of International Business Studies, 2010, vol. 41, issue 2, 360-370

Abstract: The importance of establishing equivalence in measurement prior to conducting substantive cross-country comparisons has long been emphasized in international business research. However, all approaches currently available for the investigation of measurement equivalence or invariance (ME/I) assume that the focal measures are reflective in nature. In our paper we offer guidelines for the assessment of ME/I when the focal construct is measured with formative indicators. We first identify distinct types of ME/I that are conceptually consistent with the nature of formative measurement models. We then describe a step-by-step procedure that can be employed to test for these types of ME/I in a comparative context. Lastly, we illustrate the application of the proposed procedure with data from a three-country survey on consumers’ product-country image perceptions.

Date: 2010
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (16)

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