The impact of social exclusion and identity on migrant workers’ willingness to return to their hometown: micro-empirical evidence from rural China

Haiping Xu, Wenjia Wu (), Chuqiao Zhang (), Yibo Xie (), Jinge Lv, Shahzad Ahmad and Zengrui Cui
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Haiping Xu: International Business School of Hainan University
Wenjia Wu: International Business School of Hainan University
Chuqiao Zhang: International Business School of Hainan University
Yibo Xie: International Business School of Hainan University
Jinge Lv: International Business School of Hainan University
Shahzad Ahmad: International Business School of Hainan University
Zengrui Cui: International Business School of Hainan University

Palgrave Communications, 2023, vol. 10, issue 1, 1-13

Abstract: Abstract The return of rural migrant workers to employment is an endogenous force that drives the development of the rural economy and plays a vital role in rural revitalization. Using data from the China Migrants Dynamic Survey (CMDS) conducted in 2017, this study comprehensively examines the influence of social exclusion and the role of identity on migrant workers’ willingness to return home (MWRH). The findings indicate a significant impact of social exclusion on MWRH, and this relationship remains robust even after employing instrumental variables to address endogeneity concerns. Identity emerges as a crucial mediating factor through which social exclusion affects MWRH, demonstrating a partial mediating effect. Notably, the impact of social exclusion on MWRH is particularly prevalent among rural residents in the western and northeastern regions, the older generation, those with lower incomes, and those with limited intra-provincial mobility. Promoting a positive image of migrant workers and encouraging their pursuit of an improved quality of life can help alleviate social exclusion, strengthen their sense of identity, and foster deeper roots in cities. Furthermore, providing supportive platforms for returning migrant workers can enhance their active willingness to return home.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1057/s41599-023-02345-y

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