Identifying multilevel factors on student mathematics performance for Singapore, Korea, Finland, and Denmark in PISA 2022: considering individualistic versus collectivistic cultures

Jinpeng Niu, Hui Xu () and Jiangtao Yu
Additional contact information
Jinpeng Niu: Southwest University
Hui Xu: Southwest University
Jiangtao Yu: Dalian University of Technology

Palgrave Communications, 2025, vol. 12, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract Employing a two-level hierarchical linear modelling (HLM) analysis, the current study comparatively explored the effects of student- and school-level factors on student mathematics performance for Singapore, Korea, Finland, and Denmark in the 2022 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). The results showed that (a) economic, social and cultural status (ESCS), school average ESCS, mathematics self-efficacy, and mathematics anxiety are significantly associated with mathematics performance for Singapore, Korea, Finland, and Denmark; (b) mathematics teacher support has a significantly positive effect on mathematics performance for Finland and Denmark, while ability grouping for mathematics classes and student disruptive behaviours have a significantly negative impact on mathematics performance for Singapore and Korea; (c) the relationship between time in mathematics homework and mathematics performance is positive in Singapore and Korea but negative in Finland and Denmark; as well, (d) curiosity is positively related to mathematics performance for Korea, Finland, and Denmark, while the influence of mathematics motivation on mathematics performance is only significant for Finland and the influence of mathematics extra-curricular activities on mathematics performance is merely significant for Korea. In essence, the different effects may be associated with intrinsic discrepancies regarding educationally tight versus loose systems, as well as comparatively, regarding philosophically social versus individual orientations, which represent Eastern and Western cultures, respectively. The findings were discussed from a cross-cultural perspective in terms of individualism-collectivism.

Date: 2025
References: Add references at CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
http://link.springer.com/10.1057/s41599-025-04466-y Abstract (text/html)
Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:pal:palcom:v:12:y:2025:i:1:d:10.1057_s41599-025-04466-y

Ordering information: This journal article can be ordered from
https://www.nature.com/palcomms/about

DOI: 10.1057/s41599-025-04466-y

Access Statistics for this article

More articles in Palgrave Communications from Palgrave Macmillan
Bibliographic data for series maintained by Sonal Shukla () and Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing ().