From innovativeness to insecurity: unveiling the facets of translation technology use behavior among EFL learners using TRI 2.0

Junfeng Zhao, Xiang Li () and Zhaoyang Gao
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Junfeng Zhao: Guangdong University of Foreign Studies
Xiang Li: Guangdong University of Foreign Studies
Zhaoyang Gao: Panzhihua University

Palgrave Communications, 2025, vol. 12, issue 1, 1-15

Abstract: Abstract Translation technologies are essential in supporting English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students by overcoming language barriers and enhancing academic performance. Despite their potential benefits, the actual use behavior of these technologies is underexplored in the existing literature. This study investigates the drivers and inhibitors of translation technology use behavior among college EFL students by pioneering the application of the Technology Readiness Index (TRI) 2.0 framework. A structured questionnaire was administered to 554 junior and senior EFL students across six Chinese universities. Data were analyzed utilizing Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to evaluate the measurement and structural models and a multigroup analysis (MGA) to examine potential differences based on socioeconomic background. The results showed that optimism positively influenced behavioral intention (β = 0.251, p

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1057/s41599-025-04777-0

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