The role of time for refugees’ work: insights from a systematic literature review

Olga Kostoula () and Nicole Kronberger
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Olga Kostoula: Johannes Kepler University
Nicole Kronberger: Johannes Kepler University

Palgrave Communications, 2025, vol. 12, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract This systematic review investigates the role of time in the work of refugees in host countries, based on EBSCO and Web of Science database searches and following the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA 2020). Findings show a distinct subjective experience of time, consisting of forced waiting and lack of control over life rhythms (limbo and acceleration) that change according to external circumstances. Objective effects of time demonstrate disadvantaged labour market outcomes consistent across host countries and groups of refugees examined, often persisting over decades. We contribute to the literature by synthesizing interdisciplinary evidence on temporally regulated work for refugees and discuss temporal implications for refugees and other societal stakeholders.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1057/s41599-025-05163-6

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