The effect of deforestation on COVID-19 transmission to Indigenous peoples in Brazil: A panel fixed-effects analysis before and after vaccination

Humberto Laudares, Carolina Batista, Pedro Henrique Gagliardi, Rudi Rocha and Nicolas Ray

PLOS Global Public Health, 2025, vol. 5, issue 4, 1-15

Abstract: Brazil had the second-largest death toll during the COVID-19 pandemic, with indigenous peoples disproportionately affected among ethnic groups. Parallel to the pandemic, Brazil has recorded the highest rate of deforestation globally, with encroachments into Indigenous territories putting climate stabilization and biodiversity at risk. However, the effects of deforestation on COVID-19 transmission to Brazil’s Indigenous peoples are unknown. This study shows that during the pre-vaccination period, deforestation partially explains COVID-19 transmission among Indigenous populations. Our main results for the pre-vaccination period indicate that a daily increase in deforestation per km2 is associated, on average, with the confirmation of 0.76 (p

Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:plo:pgph00:0004527

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0004527

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