PLOS Medicine

2004 - 2026

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Volume 23, issue 6, 2026

The well-worn path from armed conflict to measles resurgence pp. 1-4

José E Hagan

Precision oncology’s translation gap—Can molecular tumor boards bridge it? pp. 1-4

Margaret M Byrne and Jill M Kolesar

Proteomic signatures of early retinal neurodegeneration in type 2 diabetes mellitus pp. 1-30

Huangdong Li, Ziyu Zhu, Shaopeng Yang, Weijing Cheng, Shaoying Tan, Zhuoyao Xin, Lei Zhang, Zhuoting Zhu, Shida Chen, Wenyong Huang and Wei Wang

Prediction of hospitalisation in young children with pneumonia in Malawi: A machine learning-based approach pp. 1-16

Patrick Staunton, Mohammad Adib Makrooni, Master Chisale, Billy Nyambolo, Joseph Wu, Damien McCarthy, Mark Ledwidge, Yasir Bin Nisar, Chris Watson, Balwani Mbakaya, Cathal Seoighe and Joe Gallagher

Prevalence and epidemiological patterns of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection in sub-Saharan Africa, 1964–2025: Systematic review, meta-analyses, and meta-regressions pp. 1-100

Aisha Osman, Hina Akram, Bayan Alemrayat, Sumaya Al-Maraghi, Manale Harfouche and Laith J Abu-Raddad

Parental body mass index and offspring childhood body size and eating behaviour: A structural equation modelling analysis in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study pp. 1-19

Tom A Bond, Tom A McAdams, Nicole M Warrington, Laurie J Hannigan, Espen Moen Eilertsen, Ziada Ayorech, Fartein A Torvik, George Davey Smith, Deborah A Lawlor, Eivind Ystrom, Alexandra Havdahl and David M Evans

Prenatal exposure to asthma medications and risk of neurodevelopmental disorders and educational difficulties: A systematic review and meta-analysis pp. 1-19

Lama A Shakhshir, Alexia Karain, Jill P Pell, Claire E Hastie, Scott M Nelson and Michael Fleming

The NIH 2025 Public Access Policy: Immediate access, unequal costs pp. 1-6

Caitlin R Ryus, Caroline Raymond King and Edward R Melnick

Prognostic value of cervical length for spontaneous preterm birth in asymptomatic women with singleton pregnancy: An individual participant data meta-analysis pp. 1-22

Kelly Hughes, David Nguyen, Mason Aberoumand, Heather Ford, Erin Clarke, Nuria Banos Lopez, Margaret Dziadosz, Richard Fischer, Renato T Souza, Jose Guilherme Cecatti, Kelly Orzechowski, Courtney Olson-Chen, Alberto Borges Peixoto, Vorapong Phupong, Joshua Rosenbloom, Moeun Son, Athena Souka, Liu Du, Michael Sean Esplin, Roberta Granese, Simi Gupta, Brenda Kazemier, Lindsay Kindinger, Pihla Kuusela, Jeanine Van der Ven, Omer Weitzner, Evelyn Minis, Alba Farras Llobet, Heather Frey, Rashmi Bagga, Siddhidatri Mishra, Elizabeth Patberg, Philip Bennett, Megan Hall, Andrew Shennan, Shaun Brennecke, Shakila Thangaratinam, Anna Lene Seidler, Ben Willem Mol and Rui Wang

Association of armed conflict and global measles cases: A structural equation modeling analysis of 193 countries from 2000 to 2023 pp. 1-22

Tyler Y Headley and Yesim Tozan

Comparative impacts and cost-effectiveness of tuberculosis systematic screening strategies in prisons in Brazil, Colombia, and Peru: A mathematical modeling study pp. 1-18

Yiran E Liu, José Victor Bortolotto Bampi, Ronan F Arthur, Argita D Salindri, Caroline Busatto, Pedro Avedillo Jiménez, Daniele Maria Pelissari, Fernanda Dockhorn Costa Johansen, Robert Arana-Narvaez, Alvaro Fernando Moreno Roca, Wilfredo Santos Solís Tupes, Esther Mori Jiu, Christian Alfredo Moreno Roca, Erika Albertina Abregú Contreras, Valentina Antonieta Alarcón Guizado, Julián Trujillo Trujillo, Belkys Marcelino, Mónica Alonso Gonzalez, Mayra Cecilia Córdova Ayllon, Ted Cohen, Moises A Huaman, Jeremy D Goldhaber-Fiebert, Julio Croda and Jason R Andrews

The data transparency crisis in research: Lessons from systematic reviews and meta-analyses pp. 1-7

Saul Martin-Rodriguez, Rodrigo Fernandez-Gonzalo and David Moher

Volume 23, issue 5, 2026

Novel symptoms associated with eclampsia could improve detection and save lives pp. 1-5

Alice Beardmore-Gray and Andrew Shennan

Multimorbidity, health service use, and health insurance by socioeconomic groups in 31 countries: A multi-cohort study pp. 1-1

Yanshang Wang, Chang Cai, Zhenyu Shi, Qian Gao, Alex Bottle, Mansour Taghavi Azar Sharabiani, Joshua Stott, Benedict Hayhoe and Ping He

Differences in tuberculosis prevalence by sex in low- and middle-income countries over 1993–2025: A systematic review and meta-analysis pp. 1-23

Nicole A Swartwood, Nanki Singh, Seyed Alireza Mortazavi, Melike Hazal Can, Hening Cui, Do Kyung Ryuk, Peter MacPherson, Katherine C Horton and Nicolas A Menzies

Social contact patterns in the United Kingdom following the COVID-19 pandemic: The Reconnect cross-sectional survey pp. 1-21

Lucy Goodfellow, Billy J Quilty, Kevin van Zandvoort and W John Edmunds

Semaglutide-associated risk of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies pp. 1-18

Jędrzej Chrzanowski, Magdalena Walicka, Jacek Burzyński, Małgorzata Zaraś, Arkadiusz Michalak and Wojciech Fendler

On the evolution of the company we keep: Implications for infectious disease modeling pp. 1-3

Joël Mossong

Requiring code sharing to strengthen transparency and trust in research pp. 1-3

Helen Lumbard, Lauren Cadwallader, Devin Soper and on behalf of the PLOS Medicine Staff Editors

Health system use and experience among people with poor mental health: A cross-sectional analysis of the People’s Voice Survey in 18 countries pp. 1-22

Margaret E Kruk, Neena R Kapoor, Catherine Arsenault, Susanne Carai, Federico M Daray, Svetlana V Doubova, Catherine K Ettman, Patricia J Garcia, Theodros Getachew, Ezequiel Garcia-Elorrio, Eric J Lenze, Todd P Lewis, Agustina Mazzoni, Jesus Medina-Ranilla, Sailesh Mohan, Inbarani Naidoo, Juhwan Oh, Emelda A Okiro, Muhammad Pate, Marta B Rondon, Rosanna Tarricone, Xiaohui Wang and Patricia Cavazos-Rehg

Brain morphology in Anorexia Nervosa and its subtypes: A multi-cohort study of individual participant data pp. 1-20

Fabio Bernardoni, Dominic Arold, Luis Schoppik, Klaas Bahnsen, Ruiyang Ge, Clara Moreau, Lasse Bang, Federico D’Agata, Giovanni Abbate-Daga, Christian K Tamnes, Iain Campbell, Owen O’Daly, Ulrike Schmidt, Guido Frank, Stefanie Horndasch, Andreas Hess, Arnd Dörfler, Hans-Christoph Friederich, Joe Simon, Angela Favaro, Luca Lavagnino, Christina E Wierenga, Amanda Bischoff-Grethe, Amy E Miles, Allan Kaplan, Aristotle Voineskos, Paul A M Smeets, Annemarie A van Elburg, Unna Danner, Sophia I Thomopoulos, Laura Berner, Neda Jahanshad, Sophia Frangou, Joseph A King, Paul Thompson and Stefan Ehrlich

Point-of-care early infant HIV diagnosis at birth in a pragmatic cluster-randomized trial in Mozambique and Tanzania: A comparative cost and cost-effectiveness study pp. 1-20

Kira Elsbernd, Issa Sabi, Ilesh V Jani, Chishamiso Mudenyanga, Siriel Boniface, Arlete Mahumane, Joaquim Lequechane, Falume Chale, Bindiya Meggi, Kassia Pereira, Raphael Edom, Anange F Lwilla, W Chris Buck, Nyanda Elias Ntinyinya, Michael Hoelscher, Till Baernighausen, Arne Kroidl, Stefan Kohler and the LIFE Study Consortium

Conditional cash transfer and mortality among interpersonal violence victims: A cohort study pp. 1-16

Camila Bonfim, Flávia Alves, Maurício L Barreto, Vikram Patel and Daiane Borges Machado

Investment in preventive health needs to be seen as a driver of economic development pp. 1-4

Francesca Colombo, Sabine Vuik, Marion Devaux and Michele Cecchini

Volume 23, issue 4, 2026

Cost-effectiveness of esketamine versus alternative treatment strategies for treatment-resistant depression in Hong Kong: A multi-armed modeling study pp. 1-1

Yifan Li, Vivien Kin Yi Chan, Mark Jit, Franco Wing Tak Cheng, Hei Hang Edmund Yiu, David Makram Bishai, Dawn Craig, Esther Wai Yin Chan, Sandra Sau Man Chan and Xue Li

Impact of sugary drink taxes on beverage calories purchased in a national fast food restaurant chain: A quasi-experimental study pp. 1-15

Pasquale E Rummo, Juan A Echenique, Erilia Wu, Tod Mijanovich, Sunita M Desai, Marie A Bragg, Beth C Weitzman and Brian Elbel

Cost-effectiveness and benefit-cost analyses of promoting handwashing with soap: A systematic review pp. 1-19

Ian Ross, David Bath, Joseph Wells, Robert Dreibelbis, Regina Ejemot-Nwadiaro, Joanna Esteves Mills, Giulia Greco, Catherine Pitt and Oliver Cumming

Quality of antenatal and delivery care and postnatal care use: A multi-country observational study of 400,000 births pp. 1-17

Jan E Cooper, Hwa-Young Lee, Katherine Wright, Prashant Jaryan and Margaret E Kruk

Urban and rural prevalence of tuberculosis in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis pp. 1-18

Seyed Alireza Mortazavi, Nicole A Swartwood, Nanki Singh, Melike Hazal Can, Hening Cui, Do Kyung Ryuk, Katherine C Horton, Nicolas A Menzies and Peter MacPherson

The benefits of investments to combat HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria for primary healthcare from 2000 to 2023: An economic modeling analysis pp. 1-18

Jiaying Stephanie Su, John Stover, Carel Pretorius, Peter Winskill, Sedona Sweeney, Timothy B Hallett and Nicolas A Menzies

Volume 23, issue 3, 2026

Pain and treatment outcomes after initiating methadone vs buprenorphine among medicare patients with opioid use disorder and comorbid chronic pain: A target trial emulation pp. 1-18

Yu-Jung Jenny Wei, Almut G Winterstein, Roger B Fillingim, Stephan Schmidt and Siegfried Schmidt

The association between power outages and cardiovascular and respiratory hospitalizations among US Medicare beneficiaries in 2018: A case-crossover study pp. 1-18

Heather McBrien, Daniel Mork, Vivian Do, Marianthi-Anna Kioumourtzoglou and Joan A Casey

Early aspirin withdrawal versus dual antiplatelet therapy in high-risk patients after percutaneous coronary intervention: Meta-analysis of randomized trials pp. 1-19

Eliano P Navarese, Paul Gurbel, Udaya Tantry, Giuseppe Talanas, Klaudyna Grzelakowska, Julia Umińska, Young-Hoon Jeong, Kevin Bliden, Safi U Khan, Jacek Kubica, Timothy D Henry, Michael E Farkouh and Dean J Kereiakes

Quantify unmet medical need across the disease landscape – A large language model-based methodology pp. 1-17

Elliott W Sharp, Nicholas Fragola, Charlotte Blewitt, Matthew Goddeeris, Lee Lancashire, Charlie Hempstead and David C Fajgenbaum

Machine learning assisted differentiation of low acuity patients at dispatch: The MADLAD randomized controlled trial pp. 1-16

Douglas Nils Spangler, Simon Morelli, David Smekal, Lennart Edmark and Hans Blomberg

Impact of supermarket fruit and vegetable placement on store sales, customer purchasing, diet and household waste: A prospective matched-controlled cluster trial pp. 1-21

Christina Vogel, Sarah Crozier, Preeti Dhuria, Joanne Lord, Graham Moon, Wendy Lawrence, Janet Cade, Kylie Ball, Cyrus Cooper and Janis Baird

A responsible authorship culture is needed and it is a collective responsibility pp. 1-2

Véronique Kiermer, Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo and Magdalena Skipper

From crisis response to country control: Restoring agency and sustainability in global health pp. 1-4

Ebere Okereke

Volume 23, issue 2, 2026

Social inequalities in patient outcomes after total hip replacement surgery for osteoarthritis in England: A population-based cohort study of the National Joint Registry pp. 1-17

Rita Patel, Erik Lenguerrand, Yoav Ben-Shlomo, Jonathan French, Amar Rangan, Robin Brittain, Kevin Deere, Adrian Sayers, Ashley W Blom, Michael R Whitehouse and Andrew Judge

Teleultrasound in obstetrics: A systematic review and meta-analysis pp. 1-40

Jack Le Vance, Matthew Vaughan, Tanvi Bhatia, Leo Gurney, Victoria Hodgetts Morton and R Katie Morris

Eliminating ghost workers and optimizing resources to strengthen Community Health Worker programs in sub-Saharan Africa pp. 1-8

Temesgen Ayehu, Josiah F Joekai, Mulbah K Yorgbor, Edleen T Clark, George P Jacobs, Christine E Brooks-Jarrett, S Olasford Wiah, Sagnon Fatoumata, Moussa Dialo, Loue Dékwinzou Frederic, Brima O Kamara, Christine E E Williams, Mohamed S T Kamara, Matthew Beckhio, Adamou A Marcelin, Noella Claire Mbrenga, Bawene Edouard, Sebakunzi Theirry, Hezagira Emery, Theophile Dushime, Hudad Barry and Haileyesus Getahun

The effect of prenatal balanced energy and protein supplementation on small vulnerable newborn types in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data pp. 1-18

Dongqing Wang, Uttara Partap, Enju Liu, Janaína Calu Costa, Ilana R Cliffer, Molin Wang, Sudeer Kumar Nookala, Vishak Subramoney, Brittany Briggs, Imran Ahmed, Alemayehu Argaw, Shabina Ariff, Nita Bhandari, Ranadip Chowdhury, Trenton Dailey-Chwalibóg, Giles T Hanley-Cook, Lieven Huybregts, Fyezah Jehan, Nancy F Krebs, Carl Lachat, Dharma S Manandhar, Elizabeth M McClure, Sophie E Moore, Ameer Muhammad, Muhammad Imran Nisar, Andrew M Prentice, Dominique Roberfroid, Naomi M Saville, Yasir Shafiq, Bhim P Shrestha, Bakary Sonko, Sajid Soofi, Sunita Taneja, Laéticia Céline Toe and Wafaie W Fawzi

Evaluation of rotavirus, pneumococcal conjugate and human papillomavirus vaccination in four Pacific island countries: A cost-effectiveness modelling study pp. 1-26

Natalie Carvalho, Emma Watts, Victoria L Oliver, Andrew Clark, Murat Hakan Ozturk, Siale Akauola, Clare Whelan, Take Naseri, Kylie Jenkins, Inez Mikkelsen-Lopez, Ki Fung Kelvin Lam, Rommel Rabanal, Ross McLeod, Mark Jit and Fiona M Russell

Let her shine: Empowering women and closing India’s gender gap in STEM pp. 1-4

Aparajita Chattopadhyay

The potential impact of reduced international donor funding on the household economic burden of tuberculosis in low- and middle-income countries: A modeling study pp. 1-13

Allison Portnoy, Rebecca A Clark, Mark Jit, C Finn McQuaid, Alexandra S Richards, Roel Bakker, Tom Sumner, Tomos O Prŷs-Jones, Rein M G J Houben, Richard G White, Katherine C Horton and Nicolas A Menzies

The role of comorbidities in the associations between air pollution and Alzheimer’s disease: A national cohort study in the American Medicare population pp. 1-16

Yanling Deng, Yang Liu, Hua Hao, Ke Xu, Qiao Zhu, Haomin Li, Tszshan Ma and Kyle Steenland

Volume 23, issue 1, 2026

Distribution of capsule and O types in Klebsiella pneumoniae causing neonatal sepsis in Africa and South Asia: A meta-analysis of genome-predicted serotype prevalence to inform potential vaccine coverage pp. 1-26

Thomas D Stanton, Shaun P Keegan, Jabir A Abdulahi, Anne V Amulele, Matthew Bates, Eva Heinz, Yogesh Hooda, Weiming Hu, Kajal Jain, Samiah Kanwar, Rindidzani Magobo, Courtney P Olwagen, John M Tembo, Tolbert Sonda, Jonathan Strysko, Caroline C Tigoi, Sameen Ahmad Amin, Kyle Bittinger, Jennifer Cornick, Ebenezer Foster-Nyarko, Wilson Gumbi, Aneeta Hotwani, Naveed Iqbal, Steven M Jones, Furqan Kabir, Waqasuddin Khan, Chileshe L Musyani, Carolyn M McGann, Varsha Mittal, Ahmed M Moustafa, Patrick Musicha, James CL Mwansa, Moreka L Ndumba, Erkison E Odih, Donwilliams O Omuoyo, Oliver Pearse, Laura T Phillips, Paul J Planet, Aniqa Abdul Rasool, Charlene M C Rodrigues, Kirsty Sands, Arif M Tanmoy, Erin Theiller, Allan M Zuza, Sulagna Basu, Grace J Chan, Kenneth C Iregbu, Jean-Baptiste Mazarati, Semaria Solomon Alemayehu, Timothy R Walsh, Rabaab Zahra, Angela Dramowski, Sombo Fwoloshi, Appiah-Korang Labi, Lola Madrid, Noah Obeng-Nkrumah, David Ojok, Boaz D Wadugu, Andrew C Whitelaw, Adhisivam Bethou, Anudita Bhargava, Atul Jindal, Ruchi N Nanavati, Priyanka S Prasad, Apurba Sastry, Joveria Q Farooqi, Najia Ghanchi, Fyezah Jehan, Erum Khan, Ramesh K Agarwal, Alexander M Aiken, James A Berkley, Susan E Coffin, Nicholas A Feasey, Nelesh P Govender, Davidson H Hamer, Shabir A Madhi, Muhammad Imran Nisar, Samir K Saha, Senjuti Saha, Mari Jeeva Sankar, Kelly L Wyres and Kathryn E Holt

Association between proton pump inhibitor use and upper gastrointestinal cancer: A matched case-control study accounting for reverse causation and confounding by indication pp. 1-16

Ibrahim O Sawaid, Zohar Din, Efrat Golan, Eytan Ruppin, Avivit Golan-Cohen, Ilan Green, Eugene Merzon, Shlomo Vinker, Abraham O Samson and Ariel Israel

Public health impacts of increasing the minimum unit price for alcohol in Scotland: A model-based appraisal pp. 1-18

John Holmes, Damon Morris, Duncan Gillespie, Alan Brennan, Grace Leeming, Ryan Kai Le Chen, Luke Wilson and Colin Angus

Taxation of foods high in fat, sugar, and sodium in India: A modelling study of health and economic impacts pp. 1-19

Maxime Roche, Jingmin Zhu, Jack Olney, Daniel J Laydon, William Joe, Manika Sharma, Lindsay Steele and Franco Sassi