Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism Contributes High Risk for Chronic Kidney Disease in Asian Male with Hypertension–A Meta-Regression Analysis of 98 Observational Studies

Chin Lin, Hsin-Yi Yang, Chia-Chao Wu, Herng-Sheng Lee, Yuh-Feng Lin, Kuo-Cheng Lu, Chi-Ming Chu, Fu-Huang Lin, Sen-Yeong Kao and Sui-Lung Su

PLOS ONE, 2014, vol. 9, issue 1, 1-16

Abstract: Background: Associations between angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphisms and chronic kidney disease (CKD) have been extensively studied, with most studies reporting that individuals with the D allele have a higher risk. Although some factors, such as ethnicity, may moderate the association between ACE I/D polymorphisms and CKD risk, gender-dependent effects on the CKD risk remain controversial. Objectives: This study investigated the gender-dependent effects of ACE I/D polymorphisms on CKD risk. Data sources: PubMed, the Cochrane library, and EMBASE were searched for studies published before January 2013. Study eligibility criteria, participants, and interventions: Cross-sectional surveys and case–control studies analyzing ACE I/D polymorphisms and CKD were included. They were required to match the following criteria: age >18 years, absence of rare diseases, and Asian or Caucasian ethnicity. Study appraisal and synthesis methods: The effect of carrying the D allele on CKD risk was assessed by meta-analysis and meta-regression using random-effects models. Results: Ethnicity [odds ratio (OR): 1.24; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08–1.42] and hypertension (OR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.04–2.32) had significant moderate effects on the association between ACE I/D polymorphisms and CKD risk, but they were not significant in the diabetic nephropathy subgroup. Males had higher OR for the association between ACE I/D polymorphisms and CKD risk than females in Asians but not Caucasians, regardless of adjustment for hypertension (p

Date: 2014
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:plo:pone00:0087604

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087604

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