Income Inequality, Socioeconomic Deprivation and Depressive Symptoms among Older Adults in Mexico

Julián Alfredo Fernández-Niño, Betty Soledad Manrique-Espinoza, Ietza Bojorquez-Chapela and Aarón Salinas-Rodríguez

PLOS ONE, 2014, vol. 9, issue 9, 1-8

Abstract: Objective: Depression is the second most common mental disorder in older adults (OA) worldwide. The ways in which depression is influenced by the social determinants of health – specifically, by socioeconomic deprivation, income inequality and social capital - have been analyzed with only partially conclusive results thus far. The objective of our study was to estimate the association of income inequality and socioeconomic deprivation at the locality, municipal and state levels with the prevalence of depressive symptoms among OA in Mexico. Methods: Cross-sectional study based on a nationally representative sample of 8,874 OA aged 60 and over. We applied the brief seven-item version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) to determine the presence of depressive symptoms. Additionally, to select the principal context variables, we used the Deprivation Index of the National Population Council of Mexico at the locality, municipal and state levels, and the Gini Index at the municipal and state levels. Finally, we estimated the association of income inequality and socioeconomic deprivation with the presence of depressive symptoms using a multilevel logistic regression model. Results: Socioeconomic deprivation at the locality (OR = 1.28; p

Date: 2014
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:plo:pone00:0108127

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108127

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