Associations between Subjective Happiness and Dry Eye Disease: A New Perspective from the Osaka Study

Motoko Kawashima, Miki Uchino, Norihiko Yokoi, Yuichi Uchino, Murat Dogru, Aoi Komuro, Yukiko Sonomura, Hiroaki Kato, Shigeru Kinoshita, Masaru Mimura and Kazuo Tsubota

PLOS ONE, 2015, vol. 10, issue 4, 1-11

Abstract: Importance: Dry eye disease has become an important health problem. A lack of concordance between self-reported symptoms and the outcome of dry eye examinations has raised questions about dry eye disease. Objective: To explore the association between subjective happiness and objective and subjective symptoms of dry eye disease. Design: The study adopted a cross-sectional design. Setting: All the employees of a company in Osaka, Japan. Participants: 672 Japanese office workers using Visual Display Terminals (age range: 26–64 years). Methods: The dry eye measurement tools included the Schirmer test, conjunctivocorneal staining, the tear film break-up time, as well as the administration of a dry eye symptoms questionnaire. Happiness was measured by the Subjective Happiness Scale. Main Outcome Measures: Dry eye examination parameters, dry eye symptoms questionnaires, and the Subjective Happiness Scale score. Results: Of the 672 workers, 561 (83.5%) completed the questionnaires and examinations. The mean Subjective Happiness Scale score was 4.91 (SD = 1.01). This score was inversely correlated with the dry eye symptom score (r = -0.188, p

Date: 2015
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:plo:pone00:0123299

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123299

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