Across-Time Change and Variation in Cultural Tightness-Looseness

Anne Mandel and Anu Realo

PLOS ONE, 2015, vol. 10, issue 12, 1-14

Abstract: Cultural tightness-looseness, a dimension which describes the strength, multitude, and clarity of social norms in a culture, has proved significant in explaining differences between cultures. Although several studies have compared different cultures on this domain, this study is the first that targets both within-country differences and across-time variation in tightness-looseness. Using data from two nationally representative samples of Estonians, we found that the general tightness level had changed over a period of 10 years but the effect size of the change was small. A significant within country variance in 2002 had disappeared by 2012. Our results suggest that tightness-looseness, similarly to cultural value orientations, is a relatively stable and robust characteristic of culture–that is, change indeed takes place, but slowly. Future studies about across-time change and within-country variance in tightness-looseness should target more culturally diverse and socially divided societies.

Date: 2015
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:plo:pone00:0145213

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145213

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