Nonmotor symptoms and Parkinson disease in United States farmers and spouses

Srishti Shrestha, Freya Kamel, David M Umbach, Laura E Beane Freeman, Stella Koutros, Michael Alavanja, Dale P Sandler and Honglei Chen

PLOS ONE, 2017, vol. 12, issue 9, 1-13

Abstract: Objectives: Few studies have evaluated the presence of multiple nonmotor symptoms (NMS) in relation to Parkinson disease (PD). Therefore, we examined cross-sectional associations between individual and multiple NMS and PD in the Agricultural Health Study. Methods: 20,473 male farmers and 16,259 female spouses provided information on six NMS (reduced sense of smell, dream-enacting behavior, daytime sleepiness, infrequent bowel movement, depression, and anxiety) in the cohort’s 2013–2015 follow-up survey. 191 men and 68 women reported physician-diagnosed PD. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using multivariable logistic regression models separately by sex. Results: NMS were each associated with PD, with the strongest association for reduced sense of smell in men and dream-enacting behavior in women. The number of NMS showed a strong dose-response relationship with PD, particularly in men. ORs were 5.5 (95% CI 3.4–8.8) for one, 17 (95% CI 10.4–28.0) for two, and 53.4 (95% CI 33.2–86.1) for three or more NMS in men; the corresponding ORs were 4.6 (95% CI 2.3–9.5), 6.7 (95% CI 2.9–15.6), and 23.6 (95% CI 10.7–52.4) in women (PNMS-interaction-with-sex = 0.07). Conclusions: The number of NMS was associated with PD in a dose-response manner and the association appeared stronger in men than in women. These findings should be further investigated in population-based prospective studies.

Date: 2017
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0185510 (text/html)
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id= ... 85510&type=printable (application/pdf)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:plo:pone00:0185510

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185510

Access Statistics for this article

More articles in PLOS ONE from Public Library of Science
Bibliographic data for series maintained by plosone ().