Factors associated with anxiety during the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States: An analysis of the COVID-19 Citizen Science study

Aaron E Cozen, Thomas Carton, Rita Hamad, John Kornak, Madelaine Faulkner Modrow, Noah D Peyser, Soo Park, Jaime H Orozco, Matthew Brandner, Emily C O’Brien, Djeneba Audrey Djibo, Cheryl N McMahill-Walraven, Carmen R Isasi, Alexis L Beatty, Jeffrey E Olgin, Gregory M Marcus and Mark J Pletcher

PLOS ONE, 2024, vol. 19, issue 2, 1-18

Abstract: COVID-19 increased the prevalence of clinically significant anxiety in the United States. To investigate contributing factors we analyzed anxiety, reported online via monthly Generalized Anxiety Disorders-7 (GAD-7) surveys between April 2020 and May 2022, in association with self-reported worry about the health effects of COVID-19, economic difficulty, personal COVID-19 experience, and subjective social status. 333,292 anxiety surveys from 50,172 participants (82% non-Hispanic white; 73% female; median age 55, IQR 42–66) showed high levels of anxiety, especially early in the pandemic. Anxiety scores showed strong independent associations with worry about the health effects of COVID-19 for oneself or family members (GAD-7 score +3.28 for highest vs. lowest category; 95% confidence interval: 3.24, 3.33; p

Date: 2024
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:plo:pone00:0297922

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297922

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