Sex-specific associations between socioeconomic status and ideal cardiovascular health among Korean adults: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007–2017

Yiyi Yang, Hokyou Lee, Kokoro Shirai, Keyang Liu, Hiroyasu Iso and Hyeon Chang Kim

PLOS ONE, 2024, vol. 19, issue 8, 1-15

Abstract: Socioeconomic status (SES) has a considerable impact on cardiovascular health (CVH), which may differ by sex. We aimed to investigate sex-specific socioeconomic disparities in CVH among 31,141 individuals aged 25–64 years who participated in the cross-sectional 2007–2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey (KNHANES) and the Life’s Simple 7 metrics were used to define ideal CVH. Latent class analysis was used to estimate overall SES patterns. Logistic regression models were used to estimate sex-specific odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for the likelihood of ideal CVH across SES classes, with the highest SES as the reference group. Four SES classes were identified: (1) low class with low education and material property (2.4%), (2) lower-medium class (10.1%) and (3) higher-medium class (43.7%) with increasing material affluence, and (4) high class with highest education and income (43.8%). Lower SES was associated with decreased ideal CVH among women; compared to their high SES counterparts, women with lowest SES were least likely to achieve ideal overall CVH (OR: 0.55, 95%CI: 0.43–0.71). Similar SES gradients in ideal overall CVH for men were also observed but it was less clear (OR (95%CI) for lowest SES: 0.83, 0.51–1.34). Low SES was associated with poorer achievement of ideal CVH with some sex-heterogeneities. Interventions that equalize the distribution of power and resources and targeted sex-specific approaches to empower low socioeconomic subgroups are warranted to prevent the transition from ideal to suboptimal cardiovascular health and to close socioeconomic disparities in CVH among Korean adults.

Date: 2024
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:plo:pone00:0307040

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307040

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