Assessing physical literacy and establishing normative reference curves for 8–12-year-old children from South Punjab, Pakistan: The PAK-IPPL cross-sectional study

Syed Ghufran Hadier, Liu Yinghai, Liu Long, Syed Danish Hamdani and Syed Muhammad Zeeshan Haider Hamdani

PLOS ONE, 2025, vol. 20, issue 2, 1-32

Abstract: Background: Physical literacy (PL) encompasses an individual’s motivation, confidence, physical competence, and knowledge, all of which foster lifelong engagement in physical activities. In developing countries like Pakistan, there is a pressing need to assess PL status using culturally valid tools. This study aims to evaluate PL among children aged 8–12 in South Punjab, Pakistan while developing normative reference curves and exploring factors influencing PL. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,360 students (mean age = 10.00, SD = 1.41 years) from 85 schools, using a culturally adapted and validated version of the CAPL-2 tool. The CAPL-2 scoring system was validated to align with the population and cultural context. Statistical analyses, including t-tests, Chi-squared tests, Pearson’s correlation, multivariate logistic regression, and Classification and regression tree methods, were performed to identify factors associated with PL classifications, with significance set at p

Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:plo:pone00:0312916

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0312916

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