A novel approach for joint indoor localization and activity recognition using a hybrid CNN-GRU and MRF framework

Sarmad Sohaib, Syed Mohsin Bokhari, Muhammad Shafi and Anas Alhashmi

PLOS ONE, 2025, vol. 20, issue 8, 1-18

Abstract: This work proposes a new hybrid model for joint indoor localization and activity recognition by combining a Convolutional Neural Network-Gated Recurrent Unit (CNN-GRU) model with a Markov Random Field (MRF) for better classification. The CNN-GRU successfully captures spatial and temporal dependencies, while the MRF models the mutual relations of activities and locations by estimating their joint probability distribution. The new system was tested on a public smart home dataset with four activities (sitting, lying, walking, and standing) and four indoor locations (kitchen, bedroom, living room, and stairs). The hybrid framework obtained an accuracy of 95% for activity recognition and 93% for indoor localization with a combined activity-location classification accuracy of 81%. Such results confirm the ability of the system to provide robust predictions in real-world smart environments, make it highly suitable for healthcare and intelligent living applications, and is efficient and deployable in real-world scenarios, addressing the critical challenges of noisy and dynamic indoor environments.

Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:plo:pone00:0328181

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0328181

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