Factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia development at COVID-19 diagnosis

Javier Martín-Escolano, Ana Ruiz-Molina, Cristina Rodríguez-Urbistondo, Carmen Infante-Domínguez, Gabriela Abelenda-Alonso, Gorane Euba, Zaira R Palacios-Baena, Francisco Arnaiz-Revillas, Jorge Alba, Alexander Rombauts, Regino J Rodríguez-Álvarez, Natalia Maldonado, Claudia González-Rico, Sonia Santibañez, Marta Carretero-Ledesma, Laura Merino, Jordi Carratalá, Ane Josune Goikoetxea-Agirre, Marta Fernández-Martínez, José Antonio Oteo, María Carmen Fariñas, Jesús Rodríguez-Baño, José Miguel Cisneros, Belén Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez, Rocío Álvarez-Marín, Manuela Aguilar-Guisado, Sonsoles Salto-Alejandre, Elisa Cordero, Jerónimo Pachón and Javier Sánchez-Céspedes

PLOS ONE, 2025, vol. 20, issue 8, 1-14

Abstract: Objectives: SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia at diagnosis is associated with mortality. The aims were to identify factors associated with the development of RNAemia. Methods: Multicenter COVID-19 cohort study was conducted between January 2020 and May 2023. Demographics, chronic underlying diseases, symptoms and signs, analytical and radiological variables, cytokines, and neutralizing antibodies were evaluated on admission. RNAemia was the primary endpoint. Results: We included 1011 patients, 392 (38.8%) immunocompromised and 619 (61.2%) immunocompetent. RNAemia occurred in 49.7% and 18.7% (p 300 UI/L (OR: 1.64 [1.02–2.63]) and neutralizing antibodies absence (OR: 2.51 [1.57–4.00]). In immunocompetent patients, the factors associated with RNAemia were Delta and Omicron VOC periods (OR: 2.27 [1.46–3.52]), lymphocyte count 300 IU/L (OR: 3.99 [2.51–6.36]). Conclusions: Immunodeficiency almost tripled SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia. Omicron VOC period, LDH as inflammatory biomarker, and a lower immune response in all patients, neutralizing antibodies absence in immunocompromised and lymphopenia in immunocompetent, and pneumonia in immunocompromised patients were associated with RNAemia.

Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:plo:pone00:0330495

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0330495

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