Multi-carrier information hiding based on projection-driven vertex embedding in 3D models

Yuefa Ou, Jie Ke, Mingkun Yang, Haobo Chen, Zhuoyi Dan and Chenglong Zhao

PLOS ONE, 2025, vol. 20, issue 9, 1-18

Abstract: To enhance the robustness of single 3D model carriers in information hiding, this paper proposes a multi-carrier steganography algorithm based on vertex projection of 3D models. The algorithm improves the embedding capacity and attack resistance by fusing multiple 3D models into a geometrically invariant space using centroid coincidence and tangent plane projection. Secret information is embedded by adjusting the position of central vertices in the projection plane of their 1-ring neighborhoods. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves strong robustness against translation, rotation, simplification, random noise, and shear attacks. Specifically, the proposed algorithm achieves a peak SNR of 47.87 dB on the xyzrgb_dragon model, significantly outperforming other algorithms, and maintains a lower BER under various attack intensities—for instance, less than 0.1 under 30% simplification and 0.001 random noise. These results confirm the superior invisibility and robustness of the proposed multi-carrier information hiding scheme.

Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:plo:pone00:0331588

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0331588

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