Are measures of voice hearing distinct from measures of emotional states, recovery and well-being? A factor analysis study

Sofia Loizou, Andy P Field, David Fowler and Mark Hayward

PLOS ONE, 2025, vol. 20, issue 10, 1-14

Abstract: Background: Conceptually, there may be some overlap between measures of voice hearing experiences and measures assessing broader outcome domains. Despite this possibility, it is unknown whether measures of voice hearing and broader outcomes are assessing similar or separate concepts. This study aimed to examine whether measures of voice hearing are distinct from measures of emotional states, well-being and recovery. Methods: Study 1 examined whether the Hamilton Program for Schizophrenia Voices Questionnaire is distinct from the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 and the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale using secondary data (n = 401). Study 2 examined whether the Psychotic Symptoms Rating Scale for Auditory Hallucinations is distinct from the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale and the CHoice of Outcome in Cbt for psychoses short form using baseline data from two randomized controlled trials (n = 187). Results: In Study 1, a six-factor model was found to be reasonable and accounted for 54.04% of the total variance (F1: 13%, F2: 11.26%, F3: 8.55%, F4: 4.04%, F5: 7.30%, F6: 9.9%). In Study 2, a five-factor model was identified and accounted for 39.99% of the total variance (F1: 15.52%, F2: 7.47%, F3: 6.53%, F4: 6.70%, F5: 3.78%). Within both studies, the items from the voice hearing measures loaded uniquely onto factors that contained no items from other measures. Conclusion: Findings show that measures of voice hearing are distinct from broad outcome measures and therefore are measuring separate concepts. This confirms the psychometric properties of the voice hearing measures and provides some clarity around outcomes and their measurement.

Date: 2025
References: Add references at CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0333069 (text/html)
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id= ... 33069&type=printable (application/pdf)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:plo:pone00:0333069

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0333069

Access Statistics for this article

More articles in PLOS ONE from Public Library of Science
Bibliographic data for series maintained by plosone ().