Prognostic nutritional index predicts staging and mortality in cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome

Yiying Liu, Fuyuan Zhang, Ruikang Liu, Jun Li, Cong Chen, Xuanchun Huang, Yulian Yuan, Chao Meng, Xiao Xia and Yonghao Li

PLOS ONE, 2025, vol. 20, issue 12, 1-23

Abstract: Background: Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome (CKM) is a multisystem disorder involving cardiovascular, kidney, and metabolic diseases, associated with high mortality risk. The prognostic nutritional index (PNI), reflecting nutritional and immune status, predicts outcomes in various diseases. This study evaluates PNI’s association with CKM stages and mortality. Methods: Data from 10,448 CKM patients in the 1999–2018 NHANES cohort were analyzed. Weighted logistic regression assessed PNI’s relation to CKM stages. Nonlinear relationships were explored via restricted cubic spline and two-piecewise linear regression. Kaplan-Meier and Cox models examined PNI’s association with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Subgroup analyses explored interactions with demographic and clinical factors. Significance was set at P

Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:plo:pone00:0338084

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0338084

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