Interpretable nonconvex submodule clustering algorithm using ℓr-induced tensor nuclear norm and ℓ2,p column sparse norm with global convergence guarantees

Ming Yang, Shumao Han, Linglong Chen and Jiayi Wang

PLOS ONE, 2026, vol. 21, issue 1, 1-38

Abstract: Tensor-based subspace clustering algorithms have garnered significant attention for their high efficiency in clustering high-dimensional data. However, when dealing with 2D image data, traditional vectorization operations in most algorithms tend to undermine the correlations of higher-order tensor terms. To tackle this limitation, this paper proposes a non-convex submodule clustering approach (2D-NLRSC) that leverages sparse and low-rank representations for 2D image data. An ℓr-induced tensor nuclear norm is introduced to approximate the tensor rank precisely. Instead of vectorizing each 2D image, the framework arranges samples as lateral slices of a third-order tensor. It employs the t-product operation to generate an optimal representation tensor with low-rank constraint. The proposed method combines ℓq-norm induced clustering awareness with laplacian regularization to obtain a representation tensor with a diagonal structure. Additionally, 2D-NLRSC incorporates the ℓ2,p-norm as a regularization term, taking advantage of its excellent invariance, continuity, and differentiability. Experimental results on real image datasets validate the superior performance of the 2D-NLRSC model.

Date: 2026
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:plo:pone00:0339534

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0339534

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