A legal judgment prediction model based on knowledge fusion and dependency masking

Yishan Chen, Xiaoyi Zhu, Zhiyun Zeng, Pengfei Wang and Xinhua Zhu

PLOS ONE, 2026, vol. 21, issue 1, 1-20

Abstract: Legal Judgment Prediction (LJP) is a core task in Legal AI systems, which aims to predict law articles, charges, and term-of-penalty from case facts. While existing deep-learning-based LJP approaches for civil law systems have achieved certain progress, they still suffer from two key limitations: (1) insufficient deep understanding and effective utilization of external judicial knowledge; and (2) the lack of effective strategies to filter out erroneous dependency information in multi-task LJP frameworks. To address these challenges, we propose a legal judgment prediction model based on knowledge fusion and dependency masking. Specifically, we first integrate a CNN-based local semantic refinement component into the existing BERT-based legal knowledge extraction method, thereby enabling the model to further extract the core knowledge embedded in judicial documents. Then, we introduce differential attention to reduce noise in conventional attention fusion methods and help the model locate key information in case facts more accurately. Furthermore, we propose a multi-task dependency information masking mechanism to accurately identify and filter erroneous dependency information for multi-task LJP methods. Experiments conducted on real-world datasets demonstrate the superiority of our proposed model. This code is available online at https://github.com/PaperCode-GNU/KFTM.

Date: 2026
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:plo:pone00:0340717

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0340717

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