Sleep inadequacy and the relationship with mucosal immunity and upper respiratory symptoms in elite swimmers: A longitudinal study leading into the Commonwealth Games

Lauren H Baker, Terun Desai, Jonathan Sinclair and Amy V Wells

PLOS ONE, 2026, vol. 21, issue 4, 1-11

Abstract: Objectives: To monitor sleep patterns of elite swimmers and explore sleep as a potential risk factor for upper respiratory symptoms (URS) alongside salivary Immunoglobulin A (IgA) in elite swimmers, over an 8-month competitive season. Design: Secondary analysis of an 8-month longitudinal study in elite international swimmers leading into either the Commonwealth Games 2018 or Swim Cup Eindhoven. Methods: Fourteen elite swimmers (age ± SD = 19.9 ± 0.8 years, height = 178.9 ± 6.3 cm, and mass = 75.0 ± 7.7 kg) were recruited. Self-reported sleep quality, URS data and salivary IgA was obtained weekly on a standardised day. Quantitative sleep parameters were measured using wrist-worn actigraphy four times for two-week bouts; during low, moderate, high training loads and once leading into competition. Results: Swimmers waking fatigued was positively associated with frequency (p

Date: 2026
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:plo:pone00:0346138

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0346138

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