RMETNet: A cross-subject motor imagery EEG signal classification model based on TSLANet and riemannian geometry features

Yun Zhao, Dongyi He, Fudai Ren, Qingling Xia, Linhao Xu, Guanghui Xie, Xiaoling Zhang, Renqiang Yang, Shuaidong Zou and Bin Jiang

PLOS ONE, 2026, vol. 21, issue 4, 1-22

Abstract: Motor imagery electroencephalogram (MI-EEG) analysis is essential for natural interaction and autonomous control in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). However, deep learning models often struggle with inter-subject variability, which limits their ability to generalize across subjects. This study proposes RMETNet, a novel framework that integrates TSLANet, a spatio-temporal convolution module, and a multi-scale Riemannian geometry feature module. TSLANet suppresses noise and captures complex temporal patterns for preliminary signal decoding, while the spatio-temporal convolution module extracts higher-order representations. The Riemannian branch learns geometry-based distribution features across subjects, and the fused features are used for classification. To address inter-subject distribution shifts, RMETNet incorporates Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD) loss for domain adaptation, aligning feature distributions between source and target domains. Experiments show that on the four-class BCI Competition IV 2a (BCICIV2a) dataset, RMETNet achieved accuracies of 71.39% in the cross-subject setting and 80.71% in the subject-dependent setting; on the two-class BCI Competition IV 2b (BCICIV2b) dataset, it achieved 80.93% and 86.76%, respectively. The model consistently outperformed baseline algorithms. Ablation and visualization analyses further validated its effectiveness in reducing inter-subject feature distribution disparities and enhancing MI-EEG decoding. The code is available at: https://github.com/rokanfeermecer486/RMETNet.

Date: 2026
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:plo:pone00:0347671

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0347671

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